Black Chapter of Indian History - Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
There have been many such incidents in history that have made us today. It is said that success is sometimes a day's hard work, it takes years to establish its foundation. In ancient times, India being a prosperous country, many external invaders attacked India, who tried to loot it, while someone tried to establish their power here. The British also ruled India for 200 years.
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During this time the British not only enslaved India but also made many divisions of it. Millions of countrymen fought to get freedom from the atrocities of the British and to live in an independent country. Many events took place over independence, and many incidents took place. But most tragic was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
More than 2 thousand people were injured, and 400 were killed. But why this massacre took place and as a result of this what happened in our country, we know in our article today.
Full information about Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
A horrific massacre took place on 13 April 1919 at Jallianwala Bagh, near the world-famous Golden Temple of Amritsar, this horrific massacre not only instilled more hatred against the British within Indian youth and revolutionaries but The flame of freedom was further ignited inside.
Jallianwala Bagh was shocked to see the death of thousands of innocents in the massacre, while the massacre changed the course of the freedom movement launched to get the freedom to slave India.
It was only after this Jallianwala Bagh massacre that a great young revolutionary like Bhagat Singh threw himself completely into the freedom movement and plagued the British with his revolutionary activities. So let's know about the main reason and history of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre-
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre History
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| Jallianwala Bagh Bullet Marked Wall. |
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre -
On April 13, 1919, a peaceful meeting was called in protest against the Rowlatt Act at Jallianwala Bagh near the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab.
On the same day, Baisakhi was also the main festival of Punjabis, so thousands of people gathered in this garden to make this cultural festival.
At that time Reginald Dyer, a cruel officer of the British Army, reached there with many of his soldiers and surrounded the garden without any warning and ordered his soldiers to shoot at the innocent and innocent people in the garden.
For about 10 to 15 minutes, non-stop British troops fired around 1650 - 1700 rounds. At the same time, many innocent people lost their lives in this ruthless massacre.
At the same time, during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, people also tried to escape there to save their lives, but during this incident, General Dyer and his soldiers surrounded the garden from all sides.
Due to this the people present in this garden had failed to get out and had to lose their lives, along with that some people also jumped into the well-built garden to save their lives, so it is now known as Shaheedi Kuan. Is also known.
The Death Scene in Jallianwala Massacre
In the painful massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, many innocent children and innocent people lost their lives and many brave soldiers were martyred.
At the same time, different figures exist on the number of deaths in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The Deputy Commissioner Office of Amritsar shows a list of 484 martyrs, while Jalianwala Bagh has a list of 388 martyrs.
Whereas according to the British government, 379 people had lost their lives in this worst incident in history, in which about 200 people were said to have been injured.
However, according to the investigation conducted by some Indians, the number of people who died in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre is more than 1 thousand, while the number of injured is more than 2 thousand.
Major Causes of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The main reason for the Jillian massacre was to implement the Rowlatt Act by the British government, the main purpose of this act was to stop the ongoing movements for independence in the country and to control the Indian revolutionaries.
Because of this censorship was also imposed on the press during that time. At the same time, under this black law, the British officer got the right that he could lock any Indian in jail without prosecuting him in court.
Also, after this law came into force, people did not even have the right to know why and who has prosecuted them. Due to this, there were processions and protests across the country against this law.
The opposition to this law was also led by Dr Saifuddin Kichlu and Satyapal. At the same time, due to the Rowlett act, protests were taking place all over the country and processions were being taken out against the British rulers.
Saifuddin Kitchloo and Satyapal were also arrested after this. Due to this, on 13 April 1919, a crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the arrest of these two national leaders.
General Dyer was a great supporter of the Rowlett Act and so when he came to know of the crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to protest against this act, he was shocked and ordered to go indiscriminately firing there with his soldiers. Due to this terrible massacre took place.
Protest against the Rowlatt Act.
Let us tell you that in the year 1919, the Satyagraha movement was being organized against the British under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, in which Indians participated in a big way and under this movement a strike was started under the agitation on April 6, 1919. Thi and the Rowlatt Act were opposed, after which this non-violent movement, which was being run in a peaceful manner, took violent form.
Impact Of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
General Dyer carried out the Jallianwala Bang massacre, thinking that the Indians would be scared after this ruthless massacre, but the result was the opposite, after this massacre, Indians created more hatred against the British rulers and the slavery of the British The whole country became agitated to get independence from it.
At the same time, this massacre not only gave birth to revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, but the freedom movement of the country got a new direction.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre helped Indian politics unite.
After this ruthless massacre, the flame of Indians getting freedom from British slavery was further ignited.
Bhagat Singh, India's youngest revolutionary who sacrificed his life in the fight to liberate the country only after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, gave up his schooling and threw himself completely into the freedom movement. This massacre had a profound impact on his life.
This massacre gave a new twist to the Indian national movement. It was only after this ruthless and terrible incident that the cruel and oppressive face of the British rulers came to the fore in front of Indians. And the "moral claims" of the British came to an end.
It was because of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that the whole of India became agitated against the British, due to which many people took part in the freedom movement and then later got freedom from the slavery of the British.
After this massacre, the non-cooperation movement was organized in the whole country under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
Jallianwala Bagh Museum
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| Jallianwala Bagh Museum |
A memorial was built here to commemorate the people who died in the brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab.
The monument was named "Flame of Fire". A trust was established in the year 1920 and the place was purchased.
Earlier, Jallianwala Bagh had the right of counsel of Raja Jaswant Singh at one time, while in 1919 the site had the right of about 30 people.
At the same time, this place was bought from these people in the year 1923 for about 5, 65, thousand rupees.
The memorial here was built after the independence of India. Its memorial was inaugurated by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of Azad India in the year 1961.
Let us tell you that the design of this martyr's memorial monument was designed by architect Benjamin Polk of America. About 9 lakh rupees were spent on making this memorial.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Date is written on the four pillars of the memorial in Urdu, Punjabi, English, and Hindi.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Date- April 13, 1919, in memory of the martyrs.
Along with this, the position of British soldiers of General Dyer at the main entrance of this historic Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar has also been marked.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Facts
1. Jallianwala Bagh has currently become a tourist destination. At the same time, thousands of people come here to visit this place.
2. The place is still marked by bullets, which remind us of this most ruthless and painful massacre in history on April 13, 1919.
3. Apart from this, the well is also located at the site in which many women and children jumped to avoid the bullets of the British soldiers during this massacre, it is known as the "Martyrs Well".
4. In Jallianwala Bagh, on April 13 every year, a deep tribute is paid to those martyrs who lost their lives in this massacre at that time.
5. A Hindi film (Jallianwala Bagh Movie) was also made in the year 1977 on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The film had Shabana Azmi and Vinod Khanna in the lead roles.
6. Apart from this, the famous film (Rang De Basanti, Legend of Bhagat Singh, Phillauri film) based on the independence of the country has been shot in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
7. Apart from this, in the year 1981, the novel Midnight's Children, written by Salman Rushdie, also depicts this terrible massacre.
8. This massacre has been called the most bloodshed massacre in modern history.
Hunter investigation committee formed after Jallianwala Bagh massacre - Hunter Commission
After this most ruthless assassination in history, the fire of rebellion spread throughout Punjab. Subsequently, under pressure, then-Secretary of State for India Edwin Montague formed the Hunter Commission in late 1919 to investigate it.
Despite the commission's report, Dyer was not sentenced despite being found guilty, instead demoted and made a colonel, and also sent back to Britain.
After this, Congress formed a committee consisting of great politicians including Mahatma Gandhi, Madan Mohan Malaviya, and Motilal Nehru to investigate the incidents in Punjab. After which this committee bitterly condemned Governor Michael Odair and the General Dyer of the army.
General Dyer's Death
To avenge the lives of thousands of innocent people killed in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, on March 13, 1940, after nearly 21 years, Udham Singh went to London and shot and killed Michael O Dyer in Caxton Hall there.
However, Udham Singh was hanged on July 31, 1940, for this.
Rabindranath Tagore Rejected The Title Knighthood
Ravindranath Tagore, the author of the national anthem of India, came to know about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar, expressing his sorrow over the incident and returned the title of "knighthood" to the British government.
The Jallianwala massacre is considered to be the most brutal and painful massacre in history, which had far-reaching consequences and the murder gave a new direction to the freedom struggle. At the same time, we got results in the form of independence.
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